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      General Studies 2

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      • Important points to remember for Open Skies Treaty

      Important points to remember for Open Skies Treaty

      • Posted by Vizmins Official Post
      • Date January 21, 2021
      • Comments 0 comment
      General studies paper 3 International

      Table of Content

      • Open Skies Treaty
      • Features of Open Skies Treaty
      • Reasons for US Withdrawal
      • Reasons for Russian Withdrawal
      • New START treaty
      Open Skies Treaty for UPSC

      Open Skies Treaty

      • It is a trust building treaty to reduce the reducing the chances of accidental war.
      • It is an agreement that allows its 34 signatories countries to monitor arm development by conducting surveillance flights (unarmed) over each other’s territories.
      • The treaty established an aerial surveillance system for its participants.
      • It was signed in 1992 and came into effect in 2002.
      • India is NOT a member of this treaty.
      Other important points
      • It was first proposed in 1955 by former US President Dwight Eisenhower as a means to deescalate tensions during the Cold War.
      • The treaty was eventually signed in 1992 between NATO members and former Warsaw Pact countries.
      • Kyrgyzstan has signed it but not yet ratified it.

      Features

      • Under the treaty, a member state can “spy” on any part of the host nation, with the latter’s consent.
      • A country can undertake aerial imaging over the host state after giving notice 72 hours before, and sharing its exact flight path 24 hours before.
      • The information gathered, such as on troop movements, military exercises and missile deployments, has to be shared with all member states.
      • Only approved imaging equipment is permitted on the surveillance flights, and officials from the host state can also stay on board throughout the planned journey.

      Why US left this treaty?

      • USA announced it’s exit from this treaty in 2020.
      • The USA has blamed Russia for restricting US flyovers in neighbour Georgia and its military enclave in Kaliningrad (Russia).
      • Russia misused its flights over the US and Europe to identify critical infrastructure for potential attack in a time of war.
      • Russia intends to annex the Crimean peninsula and has designated an Open Skies refueling airfield in the region.

      However, Russia has denied the allegations.

      Issues after the withdrawl
      • This has further deepened doubts on extension of the New START treaty*, which expires in February, 2021.

      Why Russia left this treaty?

      • Russia too has announced that it is leaving the Open Skies Treaty (OST).
      • After US withdrawal, Russia has attributed this move to “the lack of progress in removing obstacles for the continued functioning of the agreement.”
      • Moscow is worried that the
        • U.S.’s withdrawal restricts its access to American territory.
        • While Washington’s allies in Europe can continue flyovers over Russian territory to collect intelligence that could be handed to the U.S.

      *New START treaty

      • The new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) is a treaty between the United States of America and the Russian Federation.

      • It deals with measures for the further reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.

      • It entered into force on 5th February, 2011.

      • It is a successor to the START framework of 1991 (at the end of the Cold War) that limited both sides to 1,600 strategic delivery vehicles and 6,000 warheads.

      Tag:International, International Institution, New START treaty, Open Skies Treaty, UPSC

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