About PM Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyaan

Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan (PMJUGA)

Overview

• Launch: Approved by the Union Cabinet under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
• Type: Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
• Target Group: Scheduled Tribes (STs) in tribal-majority villages and aspirational districts.
• Coverage: 549 districts, 2,740 blocks, ~63,000 villages, benefitting over 5 crore tribal people across 30 States/UTs.

Objectives

1. Address critical gaps in social infrastructure such as health, education, and livelihoods.
2. Ensure economic empowerment, skill development, and entrepreneurship promotion.
3. Recognize and implement Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) for land security.
4. Enhance access to quality education, healthcare, and housing.
5. Promote cultural preservation while improving the socio-economic conditions of tribal communities.

Key Features

1. Infrastructure Development:
   • Housing: Pucca houses for eligible tribal households under PMAY (Rural).
   • Basic Services:
     • Tapped water under Jal Jeevan Mission.
     • Electricity and solar power.
     • All-weather roads via PMGSY.
   • Digital Access: Internet and mobile connectivity through Bharat Net.
   • Education: Hostels for tribal students, infrastructure improvements under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan.
2. Healthcare Improvements:
   • Reduction in IMR, MMR, and malnutrition rates through Mobile Medical Units (MMUs).
   • Diagnosis and treatment of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) with specialized Centers of Competence (CoCs).
   • Immunization and nutrition initiatives under Poshan Abhiyan.
3. Economic Empowerment:
   • Skill development and entrepreneurship under Skill India Mission.
   • Marketing support through Tribal Multipurpose Marketing Centers (TMMCs).
   • Assistance in agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries for FRA patta holders.
4. Education Access:
   • Tribal hostels at district/block levels to enhance Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER).
   • Affordable and quality education through targeted initiatives under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan.
5. Livelihood Promotion:
   • Tribal Homestays:
     • 1,000 homestays promoted under Swadesh Darshan Scheme.
     • Financial support: Rs 5 lakh for new rooms, Rs 3 lakh for renovations.
   • Forest Rights focus: 22 lakh FRA patta holders to receive sustainable livelihood support.
6. Mapping and Monitoring:
   • Tribal villages mapped under PM Gati Shakti Portal for identifying development gaps.
   • Awards for best-performing districts.
7. Special Focus Areas:
   • Advanced diagnostic facilities for SCD.
   • Awareness initiatives through Digital India programs.
   • Preservation of cultural identity via Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana.

Funding and Implementation

• 25 Interventions: Implemented by 17 ministries using funds under Development Action Plan for Scheduled Tribes (DAPST) over 5 years.
• Convergence: Combines efforts of 42 ministries/departments, including health, education, agriculture, and rural development.

Why PMJUGA is Needed

1. Poverty:
   • High poverty among STs: 45.3% (rural) and 24.1% (urban) below poverty line (2011-12).
   • Skilling centers to enhance employment opportunities.
2. Low Literacy Rates:
   • Literacy rate among STs: 59% (Census 2011), much lower than the national average (73%).
   • 1,000 hostels planned to improve access to education.
3. Health Issues:
   • High malnutrition rates among tribal children (NFHS-5, 2019-21):
     • Stunting: 40.9%
     • Wasting: 23.2%
     • Underweight: 39.5%
   • Sickle Cell Disease prevalence among tribal populations.
4. Land Rights and Displacement:
   • Lack of formal land titles, displacement due to development projects.
   • 22 lakh FRA pattas to secure land rights.
5. Cultural Preservation:
   • Urbanization and globalization threaten tribal traditions.
   • Focus on preserving culture while enabling development.
6. Lack of Awareness:
   • Limited awareness about government schemes like BPL cards, ration cards, or employment programs.

Other Related Government Schemes

1. TRIFED: Marketing tribal products, improving livelihoods.
2. Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana: Promoting tribal entrepreneurship.
3. Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS): Providing quality education.
4. Digital Transformation of Tribal Schools: E-learning initiatives.
5. PM-JANMAN Scheme: Ensuring tribal justice.
6. Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana: Creating model villages while preserving culture.